बुद्ध का व्यक्तित्व
The Personality of the Buddha
बुद्ध की वाणी के आठ लक्षण मान्य हैं, यथा- प्रवाह; स्पष्टता एवं सुबोधता; माधुर्य; स्फुटता (श्राव्य); अनुबंधता अथवा अविच्छेदन; परिस्फुटता; गांभीर्य तथ अनुमादिता।
बुद्ध आठ प्रकार का सभाओं को संबोधित करते थे, यथा- कुलीन, विद्वत्जन, गृहस्थ, संयासी, चातुर्महाराज, तावतिंस लोक के देवगण तथा मार।
उनकी चर्चा इस प्रकार थी कि वे प्रत्यूष काल में उठ कर नित्य-कर्मों से निवृत हो एकांतवास करते थे। फिर बाह्य चीवर धारण कर कभी बड़े भिक्षु समुदाय के साथ या फिर अकेले भिक्षाटन को निकलते थे।
जब वे अकेले भिक्षाटन को जाते तो अपनी कुटिया का द्वार पूरा करते था। यह भी माना जाता है कि वे यदा-कदा कुछ खीणामव (आश्रव) जिनके क्षीण होते हैं भिक्षुओं के साथ उड़ते हुए आराम से बाहर जाते थे।
भिक्षाटन के बाद वे अपने पैर धोते। फिर भिक्षुओं से समाधि आदि विषयों पर चर्चा करते, या फिर उन्हें शिक्षा देते। समय मिलने पर ही वे आराम या शयन करते थे। वे प्राय: अपनी दिव्य-चक्षु से धर्म-ग्रहण करने योग्य व्यक्ति का अवलोकन करते।
शाम को वे फिर स्नान करते और रात के पहले पहर तक भिक्षुओं की सुमार्ग की देशना देते; दूसरे पहर देवों को। रात्रि के अंतिम पहर वे चंक्रमण करते या फिर समाधिस्थ होते। उसके बाद ही वे शयन करते थे। अगले दिन आँखे खुलने पर वे पुन: धर्म-देशना के याग्य व्यक्तियों (वेनेच्य) का अवलोकन करते।
T he tradition furnishes very little information on the personality of the Buddha. The colour of his skin was golden. He had a fascinating personality and his critics also considered him �charming�. He was �handsome; and perfect in complexion, stature and gracefulness.� He was endowed with the thirty-two marks, the presence of which signifies that one is either destined to be an emperor of the world; or a Buddha. These marks include black eyes; long tongue, which could touch the forehead; palms reaching beyond the knees when stretched and so on. (See Lakkhana Sutta, Digha Nikayaiii.142-49).
His voice had eight characteristics, viz., fluency; intelligibility; sweetness; audibility; continuity; distinctness; depth; and resonance, which was not to travel beyond his audience. (See Sumangala Vilasini ii. 452 f.; Papancha Sudani , ii.771). He preached only in eight assemblies, namely, of the nobles, scholars, house-holders, recluses, the four regent devas, the devasof Tavatimsa Loka, and Mara. (SeeAnguttara Nikaya iv.308).
His daily routine was to rise early and finish his bodily functions. Then he would sit in solitude. Then after putting on his outer robe he would go out for alms; sometimes with a large number of monks and sometimes all alone. If he had to go out all alone he would then keep his cell-door closed. It is often believed that sometimes he used to fly with some advanced monks, who were purified of the defilements ( khinasavas ).
Upon his return from the alms round he would wash his feet and talk to the monks; and discuss the subject matter on meditation; or instruct them. He would then rest or sleep for a while depending upon the availability of time. Then he had the time to look around with his divine eye to identify a deserving person, who could be benefited by his teaching.
Comments
Post a Comment